Rift. B) The Arctic Ocean b. isotopic annealing d. When the same mineral appears in different metamorphic grades. a. Mercalli Scale Until recently it was thought that there were no actual gold deposits in the deep, until Peter Rona and his colleagues found gold at the TAG vent site. Black smokers are perhaps the most impressive. Describing the view later, Rona says, There was sedimentation like snowfall, yet the imprint of this animal remains clean and sharp. The silicon-oxygen tetrahedra link up to make lumps, so anything that gets in the way of this linking will oppose lumping. The site is called TAG (short for Trans-Atlantic Geotraverse) an explosive landscape of twisted chimneys and columns of billowing black smoke. e. Dissolution or melting of low temperature minerals, Previously existing rock changes in composition and texture, What is the difference between heat and temperature? Three years later, at the same site, Lutz found a huge chimney that had risen 33 feet (10 meters) from the ocean floor in that short period of time. The first person to advance the idea of mobile continents or continental drift was ________. If half-life of the radioactive material is 100 million years, then how old is the mineral? B) The continents plowed through oceanic lithosphere on their own power. b. SeismicRefraction d. transport sediment to the ocean bottom They are fabulous gardens that few people have ever seen. Love b. are moved by convection currents in the mantle It took nearly ten years to bring Volcanoes of the Deep Sea to the screen, but it was worth the wait to do it right. a. Chief Alvin pilot BLee Williams, who has nearly 300 dives under his belt, says the experience was disorienting at first. How does the silica content affect the behavior of the magma? D) seamounts A) Canary Islands At the heart of Volcanoes of the Deep Sea are hydrothermal ventscommunities of life thriving in the most extreme environment on Earth. d. confining pressure Subduction zones along convergent plate boundaries, The ___ is an example of an active, continent-continent collisions, Ormiston Chapter 4 Self Test, Ormistron Ch 3, Applications and Investigations In Earth Science, Dennis G. Tasa, Edward J. Tarbuck, Frederick K. Lutgens, Principles of Environmental Engineering and Science. The Earths crust a thin layer of rock floating on softer underlying rocks is always on the move. B) Oceanic-oceanic convergence c. transform plate boundaries Mt. c. transform plate boundaries Add to that water pressure that can easily reach 3500 pounds per square inch (240 atmospheres) and you have what youd expect to be a completely toxic, lifeless environment. a. Continental collisions cause crunching and burial of rocks that were formerly near the surface. d. hot spot plate boundaries d. softness e. The rock cooled slowly, then more quickly, The rock cooled slowly, then more quickly, What is the rate of cooling for intrusive rocks? b. continental margins The continental drift hypothesis was rejected primarily because Alfred Wegener could not _____. c. 1 oxygen and 1 silicon B) an oceanic-continental convergent a. b. in subduction zones So were down there shooting and loading and pulling focus and f-stops all at once which is a real challenge, explains Low. Alvin normally operates with one pilot and two scientific observers. How much life there is down there is anybodys guess. Repeat the earlier exercise using the Swamee-Jain approximation (equation below). There are far too many amazing animals to describe here in detail but here is a sampling of some of the creatures that appear in Volcanoes of the Deep Sea. These creatures dont need sunlight. c. locations of continental margins C) tablemounts Before hed even wrapped Titanica, his 1993 deep-sea experience, Stephen Low wanted to do a film on hydrothermal vents. A great volcanic explosion occurred, spreading material across the landscape and leaving a hole. a. The temperature below which magnetic material can retain a permanent magnetization is called the _____. ook at the picture above. d. shelf, slope, and rise But the deep ocean is different. How are the vent ecosystems different from the rest of the deep ocean? d. hot spot plate boundaries b. Cinder flow a visual experience that is almost guaranteed to alter your view of life on this planet. c. transform Kuseks enthusiasm comes through loud and clear. Which of the following is the most convincing piece of evidence set forth to support the concept of sea floor spreading? d. hot spot. Hot spots can occur anywhere, not just at plate boundaries. Scientists didn't realize the true extent of oceanic volcanism until the 1950s, when they discovered the global mid-ocean ridge system. And thats whats so splendid about the moviepeering down into those fissures, were addressing those questions.. St. Helens and similar volcanoes make giant explosive eruptions that throw bus-sized blocks, but Kilauea in Hawaii usually doesn't (although rarely, water flashing to steam may move some big things!). c. transform C) is associated with volcanic activity e. Cohesion, What do chemical and detrital sedimentary rocks have in common? a. on the mid-ocean ridge C) tablemounts Which one of the following statements about the world ocean is not true? There are also organisms that we suspect exist, but that nobody has ever seen like the creatures that create eerily symmetrical patterns of holes in fossils on the ocean floor. C) Mariana Trench Shake Maps e. Slow, then fast, Which rock composition has the least amount of silica? Would a LinkedList or an ArrayList perform better when run b. c. 20-40 meters Entertainment Today, More Light than Ever. D) Hawaiian Islands For another, each one can be as large as a dinner plate. c. High-grade metamorphic E) Andes Mountains, The Mid-Atlantic Ridge is an example of ________ plate boundary. 4.5 E) a continental-continental divergent, The Red Sea is an example of ________ plate boundary. Use the following data: Tc=126.3K,a=1.352dm6atmmol2,b=0.0387dm3mol1T _ { \mathrm { c } } = 126.3 \mathrm { K } , a = 1.352 \mathrm { dm } ^ { 6 } \mathrm { atm } \mathrm { mol } ^ { - 2 } , b = 0.0387 \mathrm { dm } ^ { 3 } \mathrm { mol } ^ { - 1 }Tc=126.3K,a=1.352dm6atmmol2,b=0.0387dm3mol1. Fast e. often are natural extensions of existing rivers, Features of the deep ocean basins include __________. b. intermediate Harry Hess suggested which of the following? e.clay, silt, sand, pebble, cobble, boulder, clay, silt, sand, pebble, cobble, boulder, What story does a sedimentary rock tell you? A) Island arc B) Harry Hess Especially rich in water and carbon dioxide compared to most melted rocks. The great disaster at Lake Nyos in Cameroon, Africa, in which hundreds of people died, occurred when this material was released from the volcano: Carbon dioxide (CO2) that suffocated the people. Picture II shows a pile that a giant marmot named George dug up, and picture I shows a pile made by his good friend Herb. Especially rich in Diet Pepsi compared to most melted rocks. b. locations of mid-plate hot spot volcanoes A team of geologists went down to a depth of 8,250 feet (2,515 meters) in the 3-person submersible Alvin (the same sub used by the Volcanoes of the Deep Sea crew). An electric water heater is rated at 5,500 watts and operates for 106 hours per month. Which of the following statements describes minerals? Seawater seeps down through cracks in the ocean floor and is superheated by contact with the hot rocks and magma. - Mountains in the Deep: Exploring the Central Pacific Basin Question: The volcanoes and deep valleys of east Africa are related to a: O a. continental rift along which parts of the African continent are beginning to slowly separate O b. transform fault aligned with the Red Sea carrying the Arabian and African blocks in opposite directions Oc. B) Distribution of earthquakes a. hardness Slide-past (or transform, with horizontal but no vertical movement) earthquakes and faults such as the San Andreas. Which one of the following statements is not true of the rock cycle? E) Schist. D) an oceanic-oceanic convergent c. transform a. youngest The first hydrothermal vents were discovered along the Galapagos rift in1977. b. thickens away from ridges A) parallel to and symmetric about mid-ocean ridges. A) Shallow earthquakes The type of rock produced by volcanism at spreading centers on the seafloor is __________. A) hotspots a. e. None of the above is correct. Volcanoes of the Deep Sea takes the audience to the coast of Spain where a unique hexagonal fossil pattern is being recovered from the rugged cliffs by eminent German geologist and paleontologist Dr. Dolf Seilacher. b. Yes, there are. New Jersey Picture II shows a hot-spot-type shield volcano, and picture I shows a subduction-zone-type stratovolcano. E) Mendocino Fault, Which of the following is an example of an oceanic transform plate boundary? b. marshes, estuaries, lagoons, and bays Water in the vents, heated by magma below the crust, is heavily populated by microbes. Tubeworms have a long, white body capped with a gorgeous red tip (the color comes from hemoglobin). e. 20 mm, Deep ocean sediments are thickest where the underlying crust is _________. A) San Andreas Fault All continents fit together with the least number of overlaps and gaps when the continents are matched along ________. b. Dolomite Hawaiian volcanoes are caused by a hot spot that brings up mantle material from deep inside the earth. But the water and chemicals spewing from vents can reach 752 Fahrenheit (400 Celsius). b. at a divergent plate boundary . a. H2SS+2e+2H+\mathrm { H } _ { 2 } \mathrm { S } \longrightarrow \mathrm { S } + 2 e ^ { - } + 2 \mathrm { H } ^ { + } d. hot spot Dikes and sills, -Volcanic tuffs and other pyroclastic material The volcanoes of Hawaii are made up of high-viscosity basaltic rocks that spread out over large distances, making broad, gently-sloping volcanic mountains. B) a continental-continental divergent e. A joint is a local bar frequented by geologists after mapping faults. Whatever light we can shine on the vents, literally and educationally thats the whole purpose of the expedition and the movie. While outer space has long captured the public imagination, the deep ocean is a wild and unknown frontier right here on our own planet and less than one percent of it has been explored. a. Volcanic tuffs and other pyroclastic material St. Helens is a medium-to-high-silica, explosively erupting stratovolcano, and Hawaii has low-silica, quietly erupting shield volcanoes. a. c. Elevation Minerals that have the same chemical formula but different crystal structures. Humans have tended to think of the deep ocean as a vast, empty plain too deep to support life. Which noble gas is isoelectronic with the following metal ion? Rutgers biologist Dr. Richard Lutz recognized the tremendous value to science and public education that capturing these habitats using the IMAX camera would mean. c. carbon Bringing Home the Deep. D) an oceanic-oceanic convergent Cross cutting relationships As the shoot wore on, it seemed that each new day brought the best footage from the trip so far with the best shots often coming at the end of a dive. D) Uplifted mountain ranges a. Indian During those years, Low and his team worked closely with members of the deep-sea science and exploration community to develop the project and create a method to light the ocean far superior to anything ever before used. c. That the minerals have a definite chemical composition and are made of the same elements. This means that: Subduction zones produce sea-floor trenches, which may be filled with water or with sediment washed from nearby land. Volume of the river that made them What is the most reasonable conclusion you can draw? E) North Anatolian Fault, Examine the five words and/or phrases and determine the relationship among the majority of words/phrases. b. Low-grade metamorphic In the picture above, the pink and yellow arrows in front of Dr. Alley point to two rather different deposits from an eruption of the Hawaiian Volcano Kilauea. Which statement is most accurate about these? ab. Choose the one option that does not fit the pattern. Assume that the pressure is 10 atm throughout. The fossils preserve, in intricate detail, the hexagonal pattern of tunnels that underlie the holes first spotted by Peter Rona on the floor of the Atlantic. Where do igneous rocks with a fine-grained (aphanitic) texture form? This volcano, West Mata, erupted in 2009 about 1,219 meters (4,000 feet) beneath the surface of the Pacific Ocean, between Fiji, Tonga, and Samoa. d. Streak Mt. d. silt, sand, clay, boulder, pebble, cobble The Deepest Volcano The West Mata volcano is ~1200 meters (~4000 feet) below the surface of the ocean, where cameras captured the deepest ocean eruption ever found. c. at the edges of the ocean basins a. Look up the normal freezing point, boiling point, heat of fusion, and heat of vaporization of ammonia (NH3)\left(\mathrm{NH}_3\right)(NH3). Frederick Vine and Drummond Matthews determined that new ocean floor was being produced at ocean ridges by examining ________. a. As impressive as Titanica was, Volcanoes of the Deep Sea shines even more light 4,400 watts out much farther into the water. a. convergent E) remains the same, B) increases in proportion to the distance, The Mid-Atlantic Ridge is an example of a ________. Especially warm compared to most melted rocks. Hot spots are associated with __________. c. Moment Magnitude Scale A) convergent plate boundary (continent-oceanic) Giant bus-sized bombs thrown through the air by the violent eruptions, and interleaved thick lava flows that followed the violent eruptions. Clo3+6H++6eCl+3H2O, Mn(CN)64Mn(CN)63+e\operatorname { Mn } ( \mathrm { CN } ) _ { 6 } ^ { 4 - } \longrightarrow \mathrm { Mn } ( \mathrm { CN } ) _ { 6 } ^ { 3 - } + e ^ { - } Forward! So I thought it must be looking good, but I couldnt see what he was seeing. B) Intraplate b. mantle plumes a. C) Frederick Vine By putting out listening devices called seismometers around the Earth, and listening to the waves from many earthquakes in many places, scientists can map the hotter regions, and find that towers of hot rock come up from way deep in the Earth in some places. d. Types of volcanoes present C) Hot spots c. increases in age towards ridges C) The mid-ocean ridge is entirely volcanic in origin. C) Transform plate boundary d. That the atoms are arranged in an orderly, repetitive manner. B) Aleutian Islands It was a unique partnership with Rutgers University and leading deep-sea scientists working at the institution that ultimately made the venture possible. c. used as evidence in support of the theory of plate tectonics The deepest earthquakes are rare, and differ in some ways from the more-common type of quakes. b. 100-200 mm Correct! But these are not the same types of clams youre likely to find in a chowder. D) Fracture zones at a(n) __________ plate boundary. d. Atlantic Ocean, Red Sea, African Rift Valley A) Transform a. earthquakes Deep-sea hydrothermal vents (black smokers) are located at what plate boundary? c. a source of heat E) Divergent plate boundary, Examine the five words and/or phrases and determine the relationship among the majority of words/phrases. Feedback: To unravel the mystery of the vents, the film transports audiences to a variety of different locations, including 9 North, a Pacific vent site where giant tubeworms six-foot (1.8 meter)-tall white creatures with blood-red tips stand in graceful, dense clusters. The pictures show famous volcanoes, that are discussed in the class materials. Alfred Wegener's continental drift hypothesis received much hostile criticism and ridicule from the scientific community because of which of the following? b. Correct! A) a continental-continental convergent D) East Pacific Rise B) Hot spots b. strength d. gravity sinking of oceanic lithosphere into the mantle at a subduction zone, ___ was an ancient reptile that lived in South America and Africa during the late Paleozoic. Choose the one option that does not fit the pattern. a. at the mid-ocean ridges Both involve water in their formation d. continental-continental Nobody knows how far down they go but some scientists believe that the biomass (the combined weight) of these microbes and those living throughout the Earths crust, may be greater than the biomass of every other living thing on Earth. With the help of Rutgers University, major funding from the National Science Foundation, and support from science centers, the project amassed a $7.0 Million USD budget (plus an extra million dollars worth of dive time on the submersible Alvin) and production began in earnest. deep-sea trench, also called oceanic trench, any long, narrow, steep-sided depression in the ocean bottom in which occur the maximum oceanic depths, approximately 7,300 to more than 11,000 metres (24,000 to 36,000 feet). c. transform plate boundaries a. eroded by turbidity currents The ecosystem is also a treasure of valuable metals including gold. Another type of vent was first discovered in 1991, during a dive on the East Pacific Rise. Volcanoes of the Deep Original broadcast: March 30, 1999 Deep-Sea Vents and Life's Origins Travel in this Teachers' Domain video segment (3m 30s) to the rich ecosystems at the seafloor near. In 1999, with a series of dives scheduled at a deep-sea vent site Lutz was studying, the group saw a window of opportunityand took the plunge. c. boulder, clay, silt, cobble, pebble, sand A) asthenosphere; lithosphere B) convergent plate boundary (oceanic-oceanic) d. Sediments are buried in deep depositional basins where diagenesis extends to changes in minerals. Chuck Wilson L.A. Weekly, Youll be amazed Feed basaltic volcanoes (composition similar to sea floor), unless the hot spot is altered in composition coming through a continent, in which case the volcano may be more andesitic. b. oceanic-continental What is the difference between a joint and a fault? Out of this World. How do the vents change our understanding of life? SELECT THREE THAT APPLY a. Volcanoes of the Deep Sea 50% Sinopsis 12,000 pies de profundidad, la vida est en erupcin. Choose the one option that does not fit the pattern. Now oceanic crust and lithosphere are formed at ____. _____________ is primarily made up of basalt whereas __________ is primarily made up of granite. SELECT TWO E) Red Sea, Which of the following is an example of an oceanic-continental convergent plate boundary? b. Topographic expression The film delivers the first extensively lit views of vent habitats ever seen by the public. Consider a water wave traveling across the surface of the ocean. a. cools as it moves away from ridges Titanica pioneered the use of HMI lights underwater, offering the best views yet of the ocean floor. c. Period Ellen Baskin Los Angeles Times, Exhilaratinginfuses ones day with an inspiring sense of cosmic humility. Heat from magma partially melts adjacent rocks, -Heat from magma partially melts adjacent rock .-The subjecting plate is melted. The book The History of Ocean Basins, which contained the idea of seafloor spreading, was written by geologist ________. c. 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